A urologist is a doctor, who is the specialist in the diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system.

Patients can be referred to a urologist, if their doctor suspects that they need treatment related to the kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra, and adrenal gland problems.

Additionally, in men population, The urologist treats epididymis, penis, prostate, seminal vesicle and testicular disorders also.
A patient can be referred to a urologist for better treatment.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These often occur when bacteria migrate from the perineum or from the digestive tract into the urinary tract. Symptoms of UTI disease include lower abdominal pain, painful urination, occasional incontinence, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills also. Most of the cases, it affects the women population.

Urinary Incontinence: Disease, when in the urinary system, there is the involuntary loss of urine control. In women, this may be due to a weakening of the pelvic floor muscles due to pregnancy and multi-parity.

Male infertility: There are multiple reasons for this disease, which is due to damage to the male reproductive tract and a variety of sperm disorders. The most common cause is varicocele, where, dilated bunch of veins in the left scrotum. Surgery can sometimes helpful in these cases.
Urinary tract stones: Stones in the Kidneys, Ureters and bladder causes pain in the urinary tract, usually, surgery helps these conditions.

Kidney disease: Kidney damage can cause swelling in the wrist and ankles, high blood pressure, and other symptoms. If the kidneys are no longer working effectively, this is called kidney failure. Ultimately, it is fatal.

Kidney Transplant: A kidney failure patient needs a kidney transplant for better survival.

Urological oncology: Treatment of cancers related to the urological organs like Kidney, bladder, testes, prostate or male reproductive system.
Enlargement of the prostate: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which affects approximately 1 in 3 men over the age of 55. Overgrowth of the cells in the prostate gland leads to narrowing of the proximal urethra, which may lead to problems with micturition i.e Obstruction. Initially, medication followed by surgery may help the patients.

Erectile dysfunction (Impotence): The penis cannot achieve sufficient stiffness of penis to fully participate in sexual intercourse, which is often a symptom of an underlying different types of problems.

Kidneys and ureter stones: Small, hard deposits of mineral and acid salts form in the kidneys in crystal formation leads to stones, but these can get into the ureters and even in the bladder. They can affect the flow of urination, pain, nausea and vomiting.

Paediatric urology: This includes treating urological problems in children population.